JavaScript shell scripting / Stoyan's phpied.com

JavaScript shell scripting

As you probably know, JavaScript is not limited to the browser. There's server-side JavaScript, JS for various extensions, you can script Photoshop operations with JavaScript if you feel like it. Or compile Windows executables. You see where I'm going with this. JavaScript is everywhere

And yes, you can do shell scripting in JavaScript. On any platform you can use Rhino to run your scripts. On Windows there's this WSH, Windows Scripting Host you can benefit from, built right into the OS so you don't have to install anything. You can run your JavaScript shell scripts with the cscript utility like:

C:\> cscript jslint.js

And on the Mac there's JavaScriptCore by WebKit. WebKit is not limited to Safari, it's used all over the place on the Mac. So there's a utility called jsc which can run your scripts.

JSC test run

JSC (JavaScriptCore) is well hidden in

/System/Library/Frameworks/JavaScriptCore.framework/Versions/A/Resources/jsc

Check it out, it should be there. And if it is, why not use it via a "shortcut"? So step 1:

$ sudo ln /System/Library/Frameworks/JavaScriptCore.framework/Versions/A/Resources/jsc /bin/jsc

Step 2... no, there's no step 2, just give it a shot:

$ jsc -h
Usage: jsc [options] [files] [-- arguments]
  -d         Dumps bytecode (debug builds only)
  -e         Evaluate argument as script code
  -f         Specifies a source file (deprecated)
  -h|--help  Prints this help message
  -i         Enables interactive mode (default if no files are specified)
  -s         Installs signal handlers that exit on a crash (Unix platforms only)

So you can just run any JavaScript code on the command line. You can also use jsc as a JavaScript console to type away stuff. Probably not that useful, because you have Firebug console to type into. But still, an option.

$ jsc
> var a = 1;
undefined
> a++
1
> a
2
>

Shell version of an online tool

Here's an example. Last night I worked on a quick hack to experiment with minifying CSS. There's an online tool over here as a result. Can I run this tool on the command line? Sure.

So imagine you have a JavaScript that parses CSS that looks like this. It defines an object called cssparse. You can use it in a browser-based tool, but also in the command-line version, without any changes. All you need is to create a new file that will be the shell version of the tool, say csspsh.js. In it put the something like:

if (!arguments[0]) {
    print('usage:\n $ jsc csspsh.js "`cat parseme.css`"');
    quit();
}

load('cssp.js');

print(cssparse.parse(arguments[0]));

You can probably guess but:

arguments[] array-like object contains command-line arguments
print() prints to the console
quit() exits JSC
load() loads and executes an external file

How do you pass arguments to your shell script? After a -- delimiter, like so:

$ jsc csspsh.js -- one two three

And since this particular script works with contents of files, I can use cat to read the file and pass it to the script.

$ jsc csspsh.js -- "`cat my.css`"

Shell-script away!

So there you have it. Shell scripting with JavaScript is at your fingertips, either Mac or Windows, or anywhere with Rhino. If you have some cool scripts that you want to run the on the command line, like cron jobs or some automated process, there has never been a better time

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29 Responses to “JavaScript shell scripting”

Ionut Popa Says:
September 3rd, 2009 at 4:01 am
Nice didn’t know about the shell possibilities of JS
Twitter Trackbacks for JavaScript shell scripting / phpied.com [phpied.com] on Topsy.com Says:
September 3rd, 2009 at 5:20 am
[...] JavaScript shell scripting / phpied.com http://www.phpied.com/javascript-shell-scripting – view page – cached Stoyan’s blog about (x)html, ajax, bookmarklets, browsers, css, firebug, javascript, json, mdb2, mysql, pear, performance, php, phpbb, tools, yslow, yui, writing, music,… life and everything. — From the page [...]
Ajaxian » JavaScript on the command line or as a shell scripting language Says:
September 3rd, 2009 at 7:25 am
[...] Enter Stoyan Stefanov who wrote a neat little blog post explaining how you can use JavaScript as a shell language. [...]
Nathan L Smith Says:
September 3rd, 2009 at 7:58 am
Nice article. A few additions:

Narwhal (http://narwhaljs.org) gives you a whole library of tools, including an options parser for creating command line scripts. I believe there’s work going on to create engines for all of the JavaScript interpreters you mentioned.

On windows, you can make a .wsf file, just an XML file with “job” as the root and put as many script tags as you want to load multiple scripts at once:

<job>
<script language=”javascript” src=”prototype.js”><\/script>
<script language=”javascript” src=”prototype.js”>
var youGetTheIdea;
<\/script>
<\/job>
James Says:
September 3rd, 2009 at 9:00 am
This is great stuff!

I’m trying to get it working in Windows… I can’t seem to find any way to “echo” messages to the console. print() doesn’t work… Additionally there doesn’t seem to be an “arguments” object or anything else you mentioned.
mark Says:
September 3rd, 2009 at 9:21 am
Sorry if I am not waving with enthusiasm, but why use javascript when one could use ruby or python?
JavaScript shell scripting / phpied.com Says:
September 3rd, 2009 at 9:35 am
[...] original here: JavaScript shell scripting / phpied.com SHARETHIS.addEntry({ title: “JavaScript shell scripting / phpied.com”, url: [...]
The Ashes » Blog Archive » JavaScript on the command line or as a shell scripting language Says:
September 3rd, 2009 at 9:44 am
[...] Enter Stoyan Stefanov who wrote a neat little blog post explaining how you can use JavaScript as a shell language. [...]
bryanwb Says:
September 3rd, 2009 at 10:02 am
I really recommend narwhal http://www.narwhaljs.org . It is a young project but growing rapidly

I use it for writing shell scripts that are cross platform. It has nice file, network, and direct shell access.

Python is really better for shell scripting but it is easier these days to find people who know javascript than python, esp. when u are writing shell script for web developers to hack on, as i am
John Says:
September 3rd, 2009 at 10:08 am
@mark - try WScript.Echo(”Hello”)
Kirit Says:
September 3rd, 2009 at 10:23 am
You might (or might not) be interested in Mahlee — on my web site — which is a multi-threaded JavaScript host for Windows. It includes a REPL shell as well for JScript which gives it some use as a shell.
Dave Says:
September 3rd, 2009 at 10:41 am
James: Please see the MS Windows Scripting Host documentation:

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/h8f603s7(VS.85).aspx

If you use cscript.exe this will echo to the console/stdout. However if you use wscript.exe it will present a popup window.

mark: Because that’s the language some people prefer
NexNova » Blog Archive » Links del giorno: September 3, 2009 Says:
September 3rd, 2009 at 11:18 am
[...] JavaScript shell scripting / phpied.com [...]
JavaScript on the command line or as a shell scripting language Says:
September 3rd, 2009 at 11:38 am
[...] Enter Stoyan Stefanov who wrote a neat little blog post explaining how you can use JavaScript as a shell language. [...]
JavaScript shell scripting / phpied.com « Netcrema – creme de la social news via digg + delicious + stumpleupon + reddit Says:
September 3rd, 2009 at 12:00 pm
[...] JavaScript shell scripting / phpied.comphpied.com [...]
Dave Artz Says:
September 3rd, 2009 at 12:05 pm
Similar to your first tool mentioned, check out Jash, a JS shell favelet.

http://billyreisinger.com/jash/

I find it to be friendlier in some ways than using the Firebug console when understanding what’s going on or trying new things.
Bubble Foundry » Javascript Console Says:
September 3rd, 2009 at 12:09 pm
[...] just learned about jsc, a console Apple includes with the JavscriptCore library that I believe every version of OS X has [...]
JavaScript shell scripting / phpied.com | Webmaster Tools Says:
September 3rd, 2009 at 12:33 pm
[...] Read the original: JavaScript shell scripting / phpied.com [...]
JavaScript on the command line or as a shell scripting language | Guilda Blog Says:
September 3rd, 2009 at 12:37 pm
[...] Enter Stoyan Stefanov who wrote a neat little blog post explaining how you can use JavaScript as a shell language. [...]
Random Links #39 | YASDW - yet another software developer weblog Says:
September 3rd, 2009 at 2:29 pm
[...] JavaScript shell scripting Ja, das geht natürlich. Eigentlich gar keine schlechte Idee [...]
Bobby Says:
September 3rd, 2009 at 3:02 pm
Here is an option parser lib that works with all JS interpreters:
http://github.com/jfd/optparse-js/tree/master
links for 2009-09-03 | Chris F. Waigl Says:
September 3rd, 2009 at 8:02 pm
[...] JavaScript shell scripting / phpied.com Interesting. Covers or mentions WSH, Rhino, and in particular JSC (JavaScriptCore) on the Mac. (tags: tutorial javascript shell scripting) [...]
Olivvv Says:
September 4th, 2009 at 9:54 am
My HP computer has a “health check” script. It is written in js. Looks like that :
/*
* HPActiveCheck.js - entry point script for local mode execution of the Active Check.
*
* $Id: HPActiveCheck.js,v 1.55.32.1.8.1.54.1 2007/12/18 13:11:13 edias Exp $
*/

// comment or disable to disable debugging msgs
var ACLM_DEBUG = false;
var currentArquitecture = “”;
/* create a datamgr instance for our objects to use and load needed jscript files*/
//var hpis = null;
var activeCheckScript = null;

try {
//hpis = new ActiveXObject(”HPISDataManager.Datamgr”);
var wsh = new ActiveXObject(”WScript.Shell”);

var activeCheckRoot;

try{
currentArquitecture = wsh.RegRead(”HKLM\\Software\\Hewlett-Packard\\CPSS\\ActiveCheck\\Architecture”);
}catch(e)
{
currentArquitecture = “”;
}
if (currentArquitecture==”"){
try{
currentArquitecture = wsh.RegRead(”HKLM\\Software\\Wow6432Node\\Hewlett-Packard\\CPSS\\ActiveCheck\\Architecture”);

}catch(e)
{
currentArquitecture = “”;
}
}

if (currentArquitecture == “32-bit”)
{
activeCheckRoot = wsh.RegRead(”HKLM\\Software\\Hewlett-Packard\\CPSS\\ActiveCheck\\Path”);
}else
{
activeCheckRoot = wsh.RegRead(”HKLM\\Software\\Wow6432Node\\Hewlett-Packard\\CPSS\\ActiveCheck\\Path”);
}

var fso = new ActiveXObject(”Scripting.FileSystemObject”);

var fileUtils = fso.OpenTextFile(activeCheckRoot + “\\utils.js”,1,true);
var stringUtils = fileUtils.ReadAll();
fileUtils.Close();
eval(stringUtils);

}
catch(e) {
var errMsg = e;

try {
errMsg += “: ” + e.description;
}
catch(e) {
}
utils.logError(”FATAL: Error loading required modules, please check your installation; (error: ” + errMsg + “)”);
WScript.Quit(1);
}

function buildCommandLine(arguments,architecture)
{
var applicationName = “”;
if (architecture==”32-bit”){
applicationName = wsh.RegRead(”HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Hewlett-Packard\\CPSS\\ActiveCheck\\ApplicationName”);
}else{
applicationName = wsh.RegRead(”HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Wow6432Node\\Hewlett-Packard\\CPSS\\ActiveCheck\\ApplicationName”);
}
var stringArgs = “”;
for(var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
var argument = arguments(i).toLowerCase();

switch (argument) {
case “/detect”:
case “/detect-unlocked”:
case “/syncapp”:
case “/syncaclm”:
case “/syncasset”:
case “/syncobj”:
case “/fullcycle”:
case “/no-session-lock”:
case “/debug”:
stringArgs += argument + ” “;
break;
case “/detectpm”:
case “/fullcyclepm”:
if (applicationName == “Smart Desktop”){
stringArgs += argument + ” “;
}else {
throw “Unknown option: ” + argument;
}
break;
default:
throw “Unknown option: ” + argument;

}

}
return stringArgs;
}

/** App entry point **/
function main()
{
var shell = new ActiveXObject(”WScript.Shell”);

var cmdLine = WScript.Arguments;
var msg;
var activeCheckRoot = “”;
var WinSystemDir = “”;
try {

var argsLine = buildCommandLine(cmdLine,currentArquitecture)

if (currentArquitecture == “32-bit”)
{
activeCheckRoot = wsh.RegRead(”HKLM\\Software\\Hewlett-Packard\\CPSS\\ActiveCheck\\Path”);
WinSystemDir = shell.ExpandEnvironmentStrings(”%WinDir%”) + “\\System32\\”;
}else
{
activeCheckRoot = wsh.RegRead(”HKLM\\Software\\Wow6432Node\\Hewlett-Packard\\CPSS\\ActiveCheck\\Path”);
WinSystemDir = shell.ExpandEnvironmentStrings(”%WinDir%”) + “\\SysWow64\\”;
}

var retCode = wsh.run(WinSystemDir + “cscript \”" + activeCheckRoot + “HPActiveCheck.wsf\” “+ argsLine, 0, true);
WScript.Quit(retCode);
} catch(exception) {
utils.logError(”HP Active Check finished with error:\n\t” + exception + msg);
}
}

main();

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Tom Robinson Says:
September 5th, 2009 at 4:08 am
As one of the initial developers of Narwhal I have to echo Nathan and Bryan’s recommendation

We really try to make it as easy as possible to get started. Give it a try: http://narwhaljs.org/quick-start.html

You can also write (server-side) web apps using Jack on Narwhal: http://jackjs.org
/dev/stu » Blog Archive » Some useful scripts for windows. Says:
September 5th, 2009 at 8:32 pm
[...] Stoyan of PHPIED.com has found the joy using javascript for scripting in the OS… [...]
Elsewhere, on September 6th - Once a nomad, always a nomad Says:
September 6th, 2009 at 1:26 pm
[...] Shared JavaScript shell scripting / phpied.com. [...]
Javascript Multi Level Drop Down Menu Says:
September 7th, 2009 at 9:02 pm
very cool & good tip, thank you very much for sharing.
Linkdump for September 8th at found_drama Says:
September 8th, 2009 at 10:02 pm
[...] JavaScript shell scripting / phpied.com via Ajaxian — a little more useful info on using jsc (tagged: jsc javascript shell console terminal scripting tutorial todo Mac OSX ) [...]
JavaScript shell scripting / phpied.com Scripts Rss Says:
September 15th, 2009 at 10:58 am
[...] post: JavaScript shell scripting / phpied.com By admin | category: scripting, scripts | tags: archive, major, microsoft-videos, [...]

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